Революция разума: на подступах к Сингулярности. Как технологии изменят общество и сознание - Рэймонд Курцвейл Страница 100

79. US Census Bureau, “Selected Communications Media: 1920 to 1998”, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1999 (Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, 1999): 885, https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/radioownership1920-1998.pdf.

80. US Census Bureau, “Selected Communications Media: 1920 to 1998”.

81. “Kathleen Hall Jamieson on Talk Radio’s History and Impact”, PBS.org, February 13, 2004, https://web.archive.org/web/20170301204706/https://www.pbs.org/now/politics/talk radiohistory.html; “‘Radio’ Listening Dominates Audio In-Cat”, Edison Research, January 11, 2019, https://www.edisonresearch.com/am-fm-radio-still-dominant-audio-in-car; Aniko Bodroghkozy, ed., A Companion to the History of American Broadcasting (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2018).

82. Ezra Klein, “Something Is Breaking American Politics, but It’s Not Social Media”, Vox, April 12, 2017, https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/4/12/15259438/social-media-political-polarization; Jeffrey M. Berry and Sarah Sobieraj, “Understanding the Rise of Talk Radio”, PS: Political Science and Politics 44, no. 4 (October 2011): 762–67, https://www.jstor.org/stable/41319965.

83. “Audio and Podcasting Fact Sheet”, Pew Research Center, June 29, 2021, https://www.pewresearch.org /journalism/fact-sheet/audio-and-podcasting.

84. Подробнее об изобретении и первых днях развития телевидения: “The Invention of Television (1929)”, British Pathé, YouTube video, April 13, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwJ2bMATIAM; “The Origins of Television”, Nirali Pathak, YouTube video, January 2, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uM7ZD5f9Pb8; “Evolution of Television 1920–2020”, Captain Gizmo, YouTube video, December 18, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PveVwQhNnq8; Albert Abramson, The History of Television, 1880–1941 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1987).

85. Подробнее о телевидении в 1939-м и о приостановке развития технологии во время Второй мировой войны: “What Television Was Like in 1939”, Smithsonian Channel, YouTube video, December 30, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wj_Mcpff-Ks; BBC, “Close Down of Television Service for the Duration of the War”, History of the BBC, accessed April 28, 2023, https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/anniversaries/september/closedown-of-television; “Television Facts and Statistics—1939 to 2000”, TVhistory.tv, accessed March 31, 2022, https://web.archive.org/web/20220331223237/http://www.tvhistory.tv/facts-stats.htm.

86. Cobbett S. Steinberg, TV Facts, Facts on File (1980), 142, available in part at “Television Facts and Statistics—1939 to 2000”, TVhistory.tv, accessed March 31, 2022, https://web.archive.org/web/20220331223237/http://www.tvhistory.tv/facts-stats.htm.

87. Steinberg, TV Facts, 142.

88. Lance Venta, “Infinite Dial: Mean Number of Radios In Home Drops in Half Since 2008”, Radio Insight, March 20, 2020, https://radioinsight.com/headlines/184900/infinite-dial-mean-number-of-radios-in-home-drops-in-half-since-2008; “Mobile Fact Sheet”, Pew Research Center, April 7, 2021, https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile; US Census Bureau, “Selected Communications Media: 1920 to 1998”, 885; Douglas B. Craig, Fireside Politics: Radio and Political Culture in the United States, 1920–1940 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000; paperback, 2006), 12, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Fireside_Politics/haWh203m7aIC; US Census Bureau, “Utilization of Selected Media: 1980 to 2005”, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2008 (Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, 2007): 704, https://www.census.gov/prod/2007pubs/08abstract/infocomm.pdf; US Census Bureau, “Utilization and Number of Selected Media: 2000 to 2009”, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 (Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, 2011): 712, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Statistical_Abstract_of_the_United_State/pW9NAQAAMAAJ.

89. Steinberg, TV Facts, 142; US Census Bureau, “Total Households (TTLHH)”; Jack W. Plunkett, Plunkett’s Entertainment & Media Industry Almanac 2006 (Houston, TX: Plunkett Research, 2006), 35.

90. Во время подготовки книги в 2023-м последние опубликованные данные компании Nielsen относились к первой половине 2021-го. См. Plunkett, Plunkett’s Entertainment & Media Industry Almanac 2006, 35; “Nielsen Estimates 121 Million TV Homes in the U.S. for the 2020–2021 TV Season”, Nielsen Company, August 28, 2020, https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2020/nielsen-estimates-121-million-tv-homes-in-the-u-s-for-the-2020-2021-tv-season.

91. Rick Porter, “TV Long View: Five Years of Network Ratings Declines in Context”, Hollywood Reporter, September 21, 2019, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/five-years-network-ratings-declines-explained-1241524; Sapna Maheshwari and John Koblin, “Why Traditional TV Is in Trouble”, New York Times, May 13, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com /2018/05/13/business/media/television-advertising.html.

92. Подробнее о значении Altair 8800 в истории вычислительной техники: Jason Fitzpatrick, “The Computer That Changed Everything (Altair 8800)”, Computerphile, YouTube video, May 15, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwEmnfy2BhI; “The PC That Started Microsoft & Apple! (Altair 8800)”, ColdFusion, YouTube video, March 18, 2016, https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5lpOskKF9I.

93. US Census Bureau, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957 (Washington, DC: US Government Publishing Office, 1960), 491, https://www.google.co.uk/books /edition/Historical_Statistics_of_the_United_Stat/hyI1AAAAIAAJ; US Census Bureau, “Total Households (TTLHH)”; Steinberg, TV Facts, 142; Plunkett, Plunkett’s Entertainment & Media Industry Almanac 2006, 35; “Nielsen: 109.6 Million TV Households in the U.S.”, HispanicAd.com, July 30, 2004, http://hispanicad.com/blog/news-article/had/research /nielsen-1096-million-tv-households-us; “Late News”, AdAge, August 29, 2005, https://adage.com/article/late-news/late-news/104427; TVTechnology, “Nielsen Reports Slight Increase in TV Households”, TV Tech, August 28, 2006, https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/nielsen-reports-slight-increase-in-tv-households; Variety Staff, “TV Nation: 112.8 Million Strong”, Variety, August 23, 2007, https://variety.com/2007/tv/opinion/tv-nation-1128-22127/?jwsource=cl; “Nielsen Reports Growth of 4.4 % in Asian and 4.3 % in Hispanic U.S. Households for 2008–2009 Television Season”, Nielsen Company, August 28, 2008, https://www.nielsen.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/04/press_release34.pdf; “114.9 Million U.S. Television Homes Estimated for 2009–2010 Season”, Nielsen Company, August 29, 2009, https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2009/1149-million-us-televi sion-homes-estimated-for-2009-2010-season; “Number of U.S. TV Households Climbs by One Million for 2010–11 TV Season”, Nielsen Company, August 27, 2010, https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2010/number-of-u-s-tv-households-climbs-by-one-million-for-2010-11-tv-season; Cynthia Littleton, “Nielsen Tackles Web Viewing”, Variety, February 25, 2013, https://variety.com/2013/digital/news/nielsen-tackles-web-viewing-1118066529; “Nielsen Estimates 115.6 Million TV Homes in the U.S., Up 1.2 %”, Nielsen Company, May 7, 2013, https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2013/nielsen-estimates-115-6-million-tv-homes-in-the-u-s-up-1-2; “Nielsen Estimates More Than 116 Million TV Homes in the U.S.”, Nielsen Company, August 29, 2014, https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2014/nielsen-estimates-more-than-116-million-tv-homes-in-the-us; “Nielsen Estimates 116.4 Million TV Homes in the U.S. for the 2015–16 TV Season”, Nielsen Company, August 28, 2015, https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/in sights/article/2015/nielsen-estimates-116-4-million-tv-homes-in-the-us-for-the-2015-16-tv-season; “Nielsen Estimates 118.4 Million TV Homes in the U.S. for the 2016–17 TV Season”, Nielsen Company, August 26, 2016, https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article /2016/nielsen-estimates-118-4-million-tv-homes-in-the-us-for-the-2016-17-season; “Nielsen Estimates 119.6 Million TV Homes in the U.S. for the 2017–18 TV Season”, Nielsen Company, August 25, 2017, https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2017/nielsen-estimates-119-6-million-us-tv-homes-2017-2018-tv-season; “Nielsen Estimates 119.9 Million TV Homes in the U.S. for the 2018–2019 TV Season”, Nielsen Company, September 7, 2018, https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2018/nielsen-estimates-119-9-million-tv-homes-in-the-us-for-the-2018-19-season; “Nielsen Estimates 120.6 Million TV Homes in the U.S. for the 2019–2020 TV Season”, Nielsen Company, August 27, 2019, https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2019/nielsen-estimates-120-6-mil lion-tv-homes-in-the-u-s-for-the-2019-202-tv-season; “Nielsen Estimates 121 Million TV Homes in the U.S. for the 2020–2021 TV Season”.

94. Подробнее о том, как персональные компьютеры перевернули мир: Carrie Anne Philbin, “The Personal Computer Revolution: Crash Course Computer Science #25”, CrashCourse, YouTube video, August 23, 2017, https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=M5BZou6C01w; “History of Apple I and Steve Jobs’ Personal Computer”, TechCrunch, YouTube video, April 17, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTJPdHei bOQ; “History of Microsoft —1975”, jonpaulmoen, YouTube video, December 18, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLaMbaVT22E; Leo Rowe, “History of Personal Computers Part 1”, (from Triumph of the Nerds, PBS, 1996), Chasing 80, YouTube video, December 17, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIBr-kPgYuU; Gerard O’Regan, A Brief History of Computing, 2nd ed. (London: Springer, 2008).

95. “1984 Apple ’s Macintosh Commercial”, Mac History, YouTube